References

 

(ETS), E. T. S. (1977). Basic skills assessment program. Menlo Park, Ca.: Addison-Wesley.

Antonucci, T. C. (1985). Personal characteristics, social support, and social behavior. In R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (Eds.), Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences (2nd Ed.) (pp. 94-128). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23, 611-626.

Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1-34). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Baltes, P. B., Baltes, M. M., Freund, A. M., & Lang, F. R. (1995). Measurement of selective optimization with compensation by questionnaire. Berlin: Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

Barnes, A. (1993). Spontaneous self-comparisons in old and very old age. Unpublished Diplomarbeit, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.

Bugental, J. F. T., & Zehlen, S. L. (1950). Investigations into the self-concept - the WAY technique. Journal of Personality, 18, 483-498.

Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Mayr, U., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2000). Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 644-655.

Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). NEO: Five-factor personality inventory. Talahassee, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Cross, S., & Markus, H. (1991). Possible selves across the life span. Human Development, 34, 230-255.

Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1984). Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 871-883.

Ekstrom, R. B., French, J. W., Harman, M. M., & Derman, D. (1976). Manual for the fit of factor-referenced cognitive tests. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Engel, R. R., & Satzger, W. (1990). Kompendium alterssensitiver Leistungstests. München: Psychiatrische Klinik der Universität München, Abteilung fuer Experimentelle und Klinische Psychologie.

Fischer, C. S. (1982). To dwell among friends. Personal networks in town and city. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Fischer, C. S. (1982). The dispersion of kinship ties in modern society: Contemporary data and historical speculation. Journal of Family History, 7, 353-375.

Fischer, C. S. (1982). What do we mean by "friend"? An inductive study. Social Networks, 3, 287-306.

Freund, A. M. (1995). Wer bin ich? Die Selbstdefinition alter Menschen. Berlin: Edition Sigma.

Fleischmann, U. M., & Oswald, W. D. (1986). Nürnberger-Alters-Inventar NAI: Wortliste (Version A1). Nürnberg: Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (1998). Selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: Correlations with subjective indicators of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 13, 531-543.

Freund, A. M., & Smith, J. (1999-a). Content and Function of the Self-Definition in Old and Very Old Age. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 54, P55-P67.

Freund, A. M., & Smith, J. (1999-b). Temporal stability of older persons' spontaneous self-definition. Experimental Aging Research, 25, 95-107.

Harris, L. (1975). The myth and reality of aging in America. Washington, DC: National Council on Aging

Heller, K., Gaedike, A.-K., & Weinläder, M. (1976). Kognitiver Fähigkeits-Test (KFT). Weinheim: Beltz.

Hooker, K. (1992). Possible selves and perceived health in older adults and college students. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, P85-P95.

Kahn, R. L., & Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim, Jr. (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 253&endash;283). New York: Academic Press.

Kastenbaum, R., Derbin, V., Sabatini, P., & Artt, S. (1972). "The ages of me": Toward personal and interpersonal definitions of functional aging. Aging and Human Development, 3, 197&endash;211.

Kliegl, R., & Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theory-guided analysis of mechanisms of development and aging through testing-the-limits and research on expertise. In C. Schooler & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Cognitive functioning and social structures over the life course (pp.95-119). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Kruse, A. (1987). Coping with chronic disease, dying and death. A contribution to competence in old age. Comprehensive Gerontology. Section C: Interdisciplinary Topics, 1, 1-11.

Kruse, A. (1994). Kompetenz im Alter: Psychologische Perspektiven der modernen Gerontologie. Kusterdingen: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.

Kunzmann, U. (1998). Being and feeling in control: Two sources of older people's emotional well-being. Dissertation. Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Psychologie.

Kunzmann, U., Little, T. D., & Smith, J. (2000). Is age-related stability of subjective well-being a paradox? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 15, 511-526.

Kunzmann, U., Little, T. D., & Smith, J. (2002). Perceiving control: A double-edged sword in old age. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57B, P1-P8.

Lawton, M. P. (1975). The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A revision. Journal of Gerontology, 30, 85-89.

Lehrl, S. (1977). Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test (MWT-B). Erlangen: Straube.

Levinson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15-63). New York: Academic Press.

Liang, J., & Bollen, K. A. (1983). The structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A reinterpretation. Journal of Gerontology, 38, 181-189.

Lindenberger, U., Mayr, U., & Kliegl, R. (1993). Speed and intelligence in old age. Psychology and Aging, 8, 207&endash;220.

Lindenberger, U., & Reischies, F. M. (1999). Limits and potentials of intellectual functioning in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 329-359). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Marsiske, M., Lang, F. B., Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1995). Selective optimization with compensation: Life-span perspectives on successful human development. In R. A. Dixon & L. Bäckman (Eds.), Compensating for psychological deficits and declines: Managing losses and promoting gains (pp. 35-79). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Montepare, J. M., & Lachman, M. E. (1989). "You're only as old as you feel": Self-perceptions of age, fears of aging, and life satisfaction from adolescence to old age. Psychology and Aging, 4, 73-78.

Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 134-143.

Oswald, W. D. & Fleischmann, U. M. (1986). Nürnberger-Alters-Inventar NAI Wortliste. Nuremberg: University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

Plemons, J. K., & Willis, S. L. (1975). Adult Development and Enrichment Project (ADEPT) Figural Relations Diagnostic Test, Form A. The Pennsylvania State University.

Plemons, J. K., Willis, S. L., & Baltes, P. B. (1978). Modifiability of fluid intelligence in aging: A short term longitudinal training approach. Journal of Gerontology, 33, 224-231.

Reischies, F. M., & Lindenberger, U. (1996). Grenzen und Potentiale kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit im Alter [Limits and potentials of cognitive ability in old age]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie [The Berlin Aging Study] (pp. 351-377). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Russell, D., Cutrona, C. E., Rose, J., & Yurko, K. (1984). Social and emotional loneliness: An examination of Weiss's typology of loneliness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 1313-1321.

Schütze, Y., & Lang, F. R. (1993). Freundschaft, Alter und Geschlecht [Friendship, age and gender]. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 22, 209-220.

Skinner, E. A. (1995). Perceived control, motivation, and coping. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Smith, J., Marsiske, M., & Maier, H. (1995). Predictors of control beliefs in very old age. Unpublished manuscript, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.

Smith, J., Fleeson, W., Geiselmann, B., Settersten, R., & Kunzmann, U. (1996). Wohlbefinden im hohen Alter: Vorhersagen aufgrund objektiver Lebensbedingungen und subjektiver Bewertung [Well-being in old age: Predictions from objective life circumstances and subjective evaluation]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie [The Berlin Aging Study] (pp. 497-523). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1996). Altern aus psychologischer Perspektive: Trends und Profile im hohen Alter [Aging from a psychological perspective: Trends and profiles in old age]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie [The Berlin Aging Study] (pp. 221-250). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Smith, J., Marsiske, M., & Maier, H. (1996). Differences in control beliefs from age 70 to 105. Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript, Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung, Berlin.

Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1999). Trends and profiles of psychological functioning in very old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 197-226). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Smith, J., Fleeson, W., Geiselmann, B., Settersten, R., & Kunzmann, U. (1999). Sources of well-being in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 450-471). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Staudinger, U. M., Freund, A. M., Linden, M., & Maas, I. (1996). Selbst, Persönlichkeit und Lebensgestaltung im Alter: Psychologische Widerstandsfähigkeit und Vulnerabilität [Self, personality, and life management: Psychological resilience and vulnerability]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie [The Berlin Aging Study] (pp. 321-350). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Staudinger, U. M., & Fleeson, W. (1996). Self and personality in old and very old age: A sample case of resilience? Development and Psychopathology, 8, 867-885.

Staudinger, U. M., Freund, A. M., Linden, M., & Maas, I. (1999). Self, personality, and life regulation: Facets of psychological resilience in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 302-328). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thomae, H. (1987). Alltagsbelastungen im Alter und Versuche ihrer Bewältigung. In U. Lehr & H. Thomae (Eds.), Formen seelischen Alterns. Ergebnisse der Bonner Gerontologischen Längsschnittstudie (BOLSA) (pp. 92-114). Stuttgart: Enke.

Thorndike, R. L., Hagen, E., & Lorge, I. (1954-68). Cognitive Abilities Test. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Thurstone, T. G. (1958). Manual for the SRA Primary Mental Abilities 11-17. Chicago: Science Research Associates.

Wagner, M., Schütze, Y., & Lang, F. R. (1996). Soziale Beziehungen alter Menschen [Social relationships of the elderly]. In K. U. Mayer & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), Die Berliner Altersstudie [The Berlin Aging Study] (pp. 301-319). Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Wagner, M., Schütze, Y., & Lang, F. R. (1999). Social relationships in old age. In P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer (Eds.), The Berlin Aging Study: Aging from 70 to 100 (pp. 282-301). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wallston, K. A., Wallston, B. S., & DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs, 6, 160-170.

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1994). The PANAS-X. Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form. The University of Iowa: Unpublished manuscript (available on D. Watson's homepage in the www).

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.

Wechsler, D. (1955). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale manual. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

Wechsler, D. (1982). Handanweisung zum Hambug-Wechsler-Intelligenztest für Erwachsene (HAWIE). Bern: Huber.

Weiss, R. S. (1982). Issues in the study of loneliness. In L. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp. 71&endash;80). New York: Wiley.

Wietzker, A. (1996). Einsamkeit im Alter. Objektive Lebensbedingungen, Netzwerkgröße und Beziehungsqualität. Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit, Freie Universität Berlin.